American Foreign Policy Council

Russia Policy Monitor No. 2739

August 18, 2026 Ilan I. Berman, Anna Harvey, Ian Matthews
Related Categories: Economic Sanctions; Energy Security; Europe Military; International Economics and Trade; Warfare; NATO; Corruption; Resource Security; Europe; Russia; Ukraine

IS RUSSIA READY TO TEST NATO'S RESOLVE?
Russia could be ready to test NATO's resolve with a limited assault any time between this Fall and 2029, new U.S. intelligence assessments say. This test could take the form of a large-scale cyberattack or a small-scale land incursion onto the territory of an Alliance member state (although the likelihood of the latter remains low). However, Russia has already succeeded shifting the "Overton window" regarding possible aggression against the continent, since its cruise missiles have landed in Poland and its drones have flown into Romania without eliciting a resolute response.

The assessment is a break from earlier analysis, which posited that President Vladimir Putin would not provoke NATO while in the midst of fighting in Ukraine. It comes as U.S. officials raise the alarm about the degradation of U.S. munitions stockpiles in the context of the Iran war. Analysts, moreover, are increasingly concerned that Putin could become more dangerous if he is backed into a corner in Ukraine, where the Russian military is now struggling. (Wall Street Journal, August 6, 2026)

UKRAINE'S WILDBERRIES CAMPAIGN
Tatyana Kim, the billionaire co-founder of online marketplace Wildberries, which has been the target of a relentless Ukrainian drone campaign in recent weeks, is watching her commercial empire crumble. Ukraine has targeted at least 23 Wildberries facilities since mid-July, causing billions of dollars in commercial losses and killing at least nine of its workers. While Kyiv has said Wildberries represents a legitimate target since it provides goods – including drones and body armor – to Russian soldiers, Kim has described the strikes as "terrorist attacks."

Wildberries has lost roughly $5.9 billion worth of goods and one-third of its warehouse space so far. The strikes are hurting Russia's retail market amid a national economy already increasingly in crisis. Consumer spending on nonfood items has plummeted, according to the research group SberIndex. Kim is struggling to adapt the company's logistics, trying to decentralize its distribution and remapping its logistics infrastructure. The sellers who use her platform, as well as the workers in her warehouses, have expressed anxiety about their safety and the safety of their goods. (New York Times, August 8, 2026)

A SYRIAN PIVOT AWAY FROM RUSSIA?
Syria has reportedly agreed to reduce imports of Russian oil as part of ongoing discussions with the U.S. to remove it from the U.S. list of state sponsors of terrorism. Syria remains heavily reliant on Russian oil even as it has pursued closer relations with the West since the ouster of strongman Bashar al-Assad in December 2024. As such, it is unclear how Syria would meet its energy needs without Russian inputs – and a premature Syrian drawdown of Russian supplies could cause fuel shortages or higher import costs. (Reuters, August 4, 2026)

RUSSIA CRACKS DOWN ON CRYPTO MONEY LAUNDERING
Earlier this month, Russia's Federal Security Service (FSB) arrested over 20 people in raids on illegal cryptocurrency exchanges in the Moscow City financial district. The FSB has claimed that the raids targeted Ukraine-based scam call centers that used gray-market exchange offices to convert cash stolen from Russian citizens into cryptocurrency and funnel it out of Russia. The FSB also claimed that the call centers were staffed by young people aged 18 to 25 from outside of Moscow who were looking for easy money. (The Moscow Times, August 7, 2026)

MOSCOW THREATENS EUROPE'S SHIPS
In response to new European sanctions allowing nations to sell off oil or cargo from seized-Russian oil tankers, Russia's president has threatened to seize European ships. Over the course of the war in Ukraine, several European countries have seized Russian oil tankers presumed to be part of the Kremlin's "shadow fleet" and involved in illicit energy trade. Vladimir Putin called European efforts to sell off seized Russian assets piracy and banditry, and warned that Russia would respond in kind wherever it deems necessary and appropriate. (Euronews, August 12, 2026)

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