American Foreign Policy Council

China Policy Monitor No. 1691

September 9, 2026 Joshua Eisenman
Related Categories: Cybersecurity and Cyberwarfare; Democracy and Governance; Energy Security; Warfare; AI; China

U.S. OFFICIALS: COSCO SPIES FOR THE PLA
The PLA uses clandestine equipment concealed on the commercial vessels of state-owned shipping giant COSCO to collect signals intelligence, according to two senior U.S. officials. The decades-long intelligence gathering program enables China to monitor military communication encryption, track foreign force deployments, and gather intelligence across North America, Europe, and Asia. The advanced equipment allows the PLA to monitor key shipping lanes and maritime routes crucial for trade and military navigation. Chinese firms are bound by law to support government intelligence work. A top global shipping company, COSCO has terminal service joint ventures for container ships at numerous U.S. ports. (CNBC, September 4, 2026)

CHINA ADVANCES MARINE URANIUM EXTRACTION FOR NUCLEAR FUEL
Researchers from the Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology have developed an absorbent capable of extracting up to 50.4mg of uranium per gram from natural seawater. The breakthrough, which exceeds the U.S. Department of Energy's target rate by eightfold, addresses a critical strategic vulnerability for China, which produced only 1,600 metric tons of uranium in 2024 but which requires 13,000 tons per year to supply its rapidly expanding nuclear reactor fleet. To eliminate its heavy reliance on foreign imports, Beijing seeks to distill the ocean's estimated 4.5 billion tons of uranium. While scaling and cost-effectiveness remain key hurdles, the technology positions China to dominate a sector that the U.S. abandoned in 2018. (South China Morning Post, September 4, 2026)

CANADA, CHINA HOLD MILITARY TALKS
China and Canada held their first Defense Coordination Dialogue in eight years with an eye toward resetting bilateral ties amid rising tensions between Canada and the United States. The military talks, at which the two sides agreed to expand exchanges, boost cooperation, and build mutual trust, follow Beijing's effort to rebuild relations with Ottawa through high-level visits, expanded flights, and boosting trade in sectors like agriculture and electric vehicles. Canadian officials insisted that there are no contradictions between trading with China and participating in regional security exercises with Western allies. The meeting occurred after the Indo-Pacific Chiefs of Defense Conference in Victoria, which was attended by General Yang Zhibin, head of the PLA's Eastern Theatre Command. (South China Morning Post, September 5, 2026)

BYTEDANCE SECURES $29.6B LOAN FOR AI EXPANSION IN ASIA
Tech giant ByteDance, the parent company of social media app Tik Tok, has secured a $29.6 billion offshore syndicated loan from nearly 30 financial institutions to accelerate its AI development and international projects. Coordinated by Citigroup and JPMorgan, the three-year offering attracted overwhelming demand, expanding from its $20 billion target. Chinese lenders provided over 60 percent of the funds for the rare unsecured mega-loan, without requiring pledged assets or shares, reflecting strong confidence in the firm's creditworthiness. The capital infusion will primarily support ByteDance's AI initiatives outside China, where the company is securing data center capacity across Southeast Asia. (Reuters, September 4, 2026)

SOUTH PACIFIC NATIONS REBUKE CHINA FOR MISSILE TEST
On July 6, the PLA Navy test-fired an unarmed, nuclear-capable submarine-launched intercontinental ballistic missile from the South China Sea into the South Pacific. In response, Pacific Island leaders attending the Pacific Islands Forum issued a joint communique expressing their collective concern. Summit host and Palau President Surangel Whipps Jr. urged leaders to jointly condemn China's unannounced missile tests and demand at least 24 hours advance notice for future launches. Beijing rejected the criticism, accusing Palau of stirring "hype" and manipulating the other countries. Nauru was the only nation to dissent from the joint communique. (Straits Times, September 3, 2026)

[EDITOR'S NOTE: At the Pacific Islands Forum, Australia pledged $430 million for aerial maritime surveillance and policing, while the U.S. committed $150 million for energy infrastructure and cyber resilience.]

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