Space is now a key stage in the competition among great powers. No longer peripheral, it is becoming integral to how states pursue dominance and shape the international system. Grand strategy is the long-term (multi-generational) effort by states to secure advantage and shape the international system. When great powers compete, they do so through rival grand strategies, extending their pursuit of security and influence across domains.
Since the onset of hostilities, Russia has used the war to target sites that anchor Ukrainian national and spiritual identity.
By anchoring itself in Africa's emerging space economy, Washington has a rare opportunity to strengthen its partnerships on the continent and compete more effectively with China in the process. Now, it’s up to policymakers to seize this opening.
“The terms of the new Memorandum of Understanding agreed to between Washington and Tehran over the weekend have now been made public, and the agreement as currently formulated is more lopsided and less favorable than even the skeptics had initially predicted.”
The potential for change within Iran persists—although the mechanism and timing for such a change are still unclear.